The prefix “nano-” has been applied to two of the most rapidly developing avenues of investigation in the world of science: nanoscience and nanotechnology. The impact of nanoscience has extended into the field of optics and photonics, where it has found expression in the creation of entirely new research areas, such as nanophotonics & nanoplasmonics. The development potential of the field of nanophotonics & nanoplasmonics as a whole is, in itself, significant, especially as far as nanoscopy and optical imaging and diagnostics are concerned.